Basics (US terminology)

Crochet Foundation Chain

Make a slip knot
Chain: yarn over hook and pull through loop, each time adding one chain.
Repeat for as many chains as pattern requires.

Single Crochet (Sc) Stitch

Make a Foundation Chain (Ch)
Starting from 2nd Ch from hook, Sc to end of row
Sc: Insert hook in ch (or stitch), yarn over (y/o) & pull up a loop, y/o and pull through the loop on hook.
Repeat to end of row.
Ch 1 (doesn't count as 1st Sc), turn work.
Starting from 1st stitch, Sc to end of row.
Ch1 & turn
Repeat for as many rows as required.

Half Double Crochet (Hdc) Stitch

Make a Foundation Chain (Ch)
Starting from 3rd Ch from hook, Hdc to end of row
Hdc: Yarn over (y/o), insert hook in ch (or stitch), y/o & pull up a loop, y/o and pull through all 3 loops on hook.
Repeat to end of row.
Ch 2 (doesn't count as 1st Hdc), turn work.
Starting from 1st stitch, Hdc to end of row.
Ch2 & turn
Repeat for as many rows as required.

Double Crochet (Dc) Stitch

Make a Foundation Chain (Ch)
Starting from 4th Ch from hook, Dc to end of row
Dc: Yarn over (y/o), insert hook in ch (or stitch), *y/o & pull up a loop, y/o and pull through 2 loops on hook*, repeat * 2 times.
Repeat to end of row.
Ch 3 (counts as 1st Dc), turn work.
Starting from 2nd stitch, Dc to end of row.
Ch3 & turn
Repeat for as many rows as required.

Treble Crochet (Tc) Stitch

Make a Foundation Chain (Ch)
Starting from 5th Ch from hook, Tc to end of row
Tc: Yarn over (y/o) 2 times, insert hook in ch (or stitch), y/o & pull up a loop, *y/o and pull through 2 loops on hook*, repeat * 3 times.
Repeat to end of row.
Ch 4 (counts as 1st Tc), turn work.
Starting from 2nd stitch, Tc to end of row.
Ch4 & turn
Repeat for as many rows as required.

Double Treble Crochet (dTc) Stitch

Make a Foundation Chain (Ch)
Starting from 6th Ch from hook, dTc to end of row
dTc: Yarn over (y/o) 3 times, insert hook in ch (or stitch), y/o & pull up a loop, *y/o and pull through 2 loops on hook*, repeat * 4 times.
Repeat to end of row.
Ch 5 (counts as 1st dTc), turn work.
Starting from 2nd stitch, dTc to end of row.
Ch5 & turn
Repeat for as many rows as required.